Case Study · E-Commerce · Multi-State Sales Tax

$140K in sales tax exposure across 17 states they didn't know about.

Wealthovation Global · Sales Tax Compliance · March 2025
$140K
Exposure Found
17
Nexus States
70%
Penalty Reduction via VDA

The Client

A US-based e-commerce seller using Amazon FBA and a Shopify storefront, generating approximately $4.5 million in annual revenue. The business sold health and wellness products shipped nationwide from Amazon's fulfillment network.

The Problem

The seller was collecting and remitting sales tax in only 4 states — their home state and three states they assumed had obligations. They had no idea that Amazon's fulfillment network was creating physical nexus in warehouses across the country, and that Wayfair-era economic nexus thresholds were being triggered in additional states.

Key insight: When Amazon stores your inventory in its fulfillment centers, you have physical nexus in every state where your products are warehoused — even if you never chose those locations. Combined with economic nexus thresholds (typically $100K in sales or 200 transactions), most FBA sellers owe sales tax in far more states than they realise.

What We Found

Wealthovation's team conducted a comprehensive nexus analysis across all 50 states:

CategoryStatesStatus
Collecting & remitting4Compliant
Physical nexus via FBA warehouses9 additionalNot registered
Economic nexus threshold exceeded4 additionalNot registered
Total states with obligation1713 non-compliant

Estimated total past-due sales tax liability across 13 non-compliant states: $140,000, covering periods of 12–36 months depending on the state.

What We Did

1. Full 50-state nexus analysis — mapped physical and economic nexus for every state using FBA warehouse data and sales reports
2. Voluntary Disclosure Agreements (VDAs) — filed VDAs in 11 of the 13 non-compliant states, negotiating limited lookback periods and waived penalties
3. Direct registration — registered in 2 states where VDAs weren't available or necessary
4. Back-tax calculation and payment — computed exact liability for each state's lookback period
5. Ongoing compliance setup — configured monthly filing and automated remittance for all 17 states

Result: VDA negotiations reduced total penalties by approximately 70%. The seller paid the actual tax owed plus minimal interest, avoiding what could have been a six-figure penalty assessment. All 17 states are now in full compliance with automated monthly filings.

Key Takeaway

If you sell through Amazon FBA, you almost certainly have sales tax obligations in states you don't know about. The longer you wait, the larger the exposure grows. A Voluntary Disclosure Agreement is the single most effective way to resolve past non-compliance — most states offer reduced penalties and limited lookback periods, but only if you come forward before they come to you.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is economic nexus for e-commerce sellers? +
Economic nexus means a state can require you to collect sales tax even without physical presence — typically triggered when you exceed $100K in sales or 200 transactions in that state within a year. After the 2018 Wayfair decision, most states enforce these thresholds.
What is a Voluntary Disclosure Agreement (VDA)? +
A VDA is a program offered by most states that lets businesses come forward voluntarily to resolve past sales tax obligations. Benefits typically include reduced penalties (often waived entirely), limited lookback periods (usually 3–4 years instead of unlimited), and the ability to negotiate payment terms.
Does Amazon FBA create sales tax nexus? +
Yes. When Amazon stores your inventory in its fulfillment centers, you have physical nexus in every state where your products are warehoused. Amazon distributes inventory across its network without your input, so you may have nexus in states you've never even visited.

Don't know where you have nexus?

We'll do a free nexus analysis for your e-commerce business. Find out exactly where you owe — before the states find you.

Request a Free Nexus Analysis →